Manjishta (Rubia cordifolia Linn) is a famous drug in Ayurveda having wide therapeutic potential. It is highly demanded drug in market as it is used in number of dosage forms. As Manjishta root is hardly available in market, to meet its large scale demand mostly stem is marketed now a days. Hence authenticity of its stem needs to assure in order to check adulteration and to confirm particular species used. So present study is planned to authenticate Manjishta Stem by its macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical parameters. It was observed that organoleptic parameters, Macroscopic and microscopic characters matches with Ayurvedic pharmacopeia standards. Foreign matter analysis, Ash Value and Acid insoluble ash were also within standard limits. pH value of Manjishta is compatible with skin pH. Water soluble extractives found to be less as compare to standard whereas alcohol soluble extraction noted promising value which ensures its alcohol based dosage form.So it can be specified that Manjishta can have good therapeutic potential in Arishta form as compare to its Kwatha form. This study also added pH value as a new parameter which could be considered as reference standard for further study. Also further quality control analysis with identification and quantification with specific markers needs to study in order to standardize Market sample of Manjishta Stem.

Since endless decades, human beings rely on herbal medicines to cure various misfunction in the body. Plants are an essential source of phytochemicals like Alkaloids, Polyphenols, Terpenoids Glucosinolates & Glycosides which have numerous pharmacological values. Clinical studies show that these active constituents can function as immunomodulators. The review principally focuses on 14 Indian kitchen plants that are used as spices, namely Allium sativum, Cinnamomum tamala, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma longa, Elettaria cardamomum, Mangifera indica, Murraya koenigii, Piper longum Linn, Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, Trachyspermum ammi, Trigonella foenum-graeceum and Zingiber officinale which enhances immune response in the body by both specific and non-specific mechanism. These botanical immunomodulators might open a new sight for novel drug development that is cost-effective, with less adverse effects and toxicity. 

Dynamics of bioactive components viz. minerals, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenol and antioxidant activities of the roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd. were investigated in three different harvesting seasons within a year. An experiment was framed during February, 2017 to February, 2019 at Natore Kholabaria owshadi village in Bangladesh. The soil of Shatamuli growing sites was found to be clay loam. The highest minerals were measured in monsoon (July-September) and lowest in late monsoon (October-December). Whilst the maximum alkaloids and flavonoids content were estimated in the root extract of early monsoon (April-June) and the minimum in late monsoon (October-December) and monsoon (July-September). Furthermore, the highest polyphenol and antioxidant activity were determined in the root extract of late monsoon (October-December) and the lowest in monsoon (July-September) and early monsoon (April-June). The study concludes that monsoon (July-September) is the perfect time for the accumulation of minerals in the root of Asparagus and early monsoon (April-June) is for alkaloids and flavonoids synthesis and late monsoon (October-December) is suitable for collecting roots of Shatamuli to obtain highest amount of polyphenol and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ value) for medicinal use.

Blood is an essential component of the body that transports nutrients and waste. The levels of the constituent elements of blood indicate the health and nutritional status of any individual. Understanding the effects of a food formulation on these haematological parameters is necessary for the vulgarisation of that formulation. ¶The aim of this study is to explore variations in haematological parameters in rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed with different food formulas containing Moringa oleifera during a nitrogen assessment. Rats of wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) are fed for 15 days with five food formulations in which Moringa oleifera leaf powder has been incorporated respectively at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in partial or total substitution to soybean meal and codified L3P, L3P₂₅, L3P₅₀, L3P₇₅ and L3P₁₀₀. Blood samples were taken just before the experiment and two weeks of individual feeding in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes for the determination of haematological parameters. In erythrocyte parameters, the red blood cells, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MHC) and haematocrit of all fed rats showed an increased rate with a significant difference. On the other hand, concerning leucocyte parameters, a highly significant decrease is observed in white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes in comparison with the control feed (Plumpy Nut). Our formulations based on Moringa L3P₂₅, L3P₅₀, L3P₇₅ and L3P₁₀₀ increase the blood levels of the erythrocyte parameters and cause a decrease in the leucocyte parameters in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The L3P₅₀ feed promotes a better performance of the haematological parameters.

Food poisoning is a major threat in developing countries. It is an illness which is caused by eating food or drinking water having poisonous substances including bacteria, viruses, pesticides, or toxins. We isolated four bacteria from spoiled juice sample by various media that are from Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), MacConkey and Acetobacter media which are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Acetobacter. Then studied the phytochemical properties, antioxidity and antibacterial properties of four medicinal plants which are Syzygium cumini, Morus alba, Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamomum verum against isolated food poisoning bacteria. In antioxidant test highest antioxidity is shown by Syzygium cumini (70.33% inhibition). In the quantitative analysis of phytochemicals the amount of phytochemicals were moderate to high in all four plants except for three phytochemicals which are phytosterol, anthocyanin and terpenoids.  In quantitative analysis for reducing sugar the maximum concentration of reducing sugar was present in Syzygium aromaticum (21.75mg/ml), for protein the maximum concentration of protein was present in Syzygium aromaticum (0.744 mg/ml), for phenolics the maximum concentration of phenolics was present in Morus alba (14.101 mg/ml) and for tannin the maximum concentration of tannin was present in Cinnamomum verum (0.209 mg/ml). The antibacterial activity checked by disc diffusion method was maximum in M. alba which showed activity against all four bacteria. We also prepared a polyherbal hand sanitizer using these plant extracts and measured its activity by inhibition zone, pH and skin irritation test. The activity of sanitizer was maximum for Acetobacter (22mm). The pH of sanitizer was between 6-7 and showed no skin irritation.

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, is an annual medicinal, aromatic, herbal and functional food plant. Perilla origin traces back to East Asian countries including India, China, Japan and other countries, where it has been used as an important source of nutritional and traditional medicinal plant. The leaves, seeds, and stems of Perilla are used for various medicinal applications. In this review it has aims to present an overview pertaining to the nutritional and medicinal values of Perilla. It has conventionally been used to treat various ailments like anxiety, indigestion, analgesic, asthma, chest stuffiness, vomiting, coughs, colds, flu, phlegm, tumors, allergies, depression-related disease, intoxication, fever, headache, stuffy nose, constipation, abdominal pain and a sedative. The various main uses of perilla will be described in this review.">

Essential oils are complex combinations of natural, volatile and bioactive compounds contains with a characteristic aroma. The biological effects possessed by Essential oil are identified to be linked to complex interactions with tissues ^[1-2]. There is a basic need to study chemical composition of plants in order, to find the compounds which can prove to be highly valuable, economically as well as pharmacologically. Thus the study also increases the importance of plant as a new source of that compound. In this study the essential oil of fresh plants (Cynoglossum zeylanicum) were extracted by hydro distillation method using Clevenger apparatus. The essential composition was analysed by GC and GC-MS data. The present study illustrates the presence of forty three components with major compounds such as Cedrandiol<8S, 13-> (11.75 %), Cedroxyde (9.17 %), Presilphiperfolan-8-ol (9.05 %), and n- Eicosane (5.69 %). The oil percentage is dominated by Sesquiterpene alcohols and aliphatic alkanes.

This article aims to determine the chemical composition, measure the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the vermicidal activity of the hydroethanolic extract of the barks of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae). Phytochemical screening was used to determine its composition as secondary metabolites. A separation on a polyamide column followed a dosage by visible UV spectrometry at 366 nm, to quantify the total polyphenols (PPT) and the flavonoids (FVT). 50g of sterilized sand was mixed with 17.5 mL of an extract solution and earthworms were used to determine the vermicidal activity. This study showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponosides in our extract. The thin layer chromatographic profiles remain dominated by polyphenol compounds in the bark of the plant. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the extract are 495.02 mgEQt/100gMS and 1000 mgEAG/100gMS, respectively. The contents of total flavonoids in the fractions vary between 500.85 and 959.1 mgEQt/100gMs and those in polyphenols between 1248.6 and 2340.0 mgEAG /100gMs in the fractions. Vermicidal activity on earthworms (Lombrics terrestris) shows that the total paralysis time and the mortality rate are based on a dependent dose. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) are 0.41, 0.66, 0.68, 1 and 0.71 mg / ml respectively for the fractions F3, F4, F2, F1 and the extract. The results, which correlate with the content of phenolic compounds, justify the use of this plant in the traditional pharmacopoeia.

The preventive and curative aspects of the Science of Ayurveda can be speculated in the concept of marma too. The concept of Marma of Susrutha Samhitha is the description of different types of marma and the effect of injury of these points like causing immediate death, causing disability etc. This concept is in the preventive aspect; that is to protect these vital points from injuries. Charaka dealt the concept of Marma in curative aspect, that is to cure or treat the disorders occurred as a result of injuries to marma. In Trimarmeeya Sidhiadhyaya, Hridaya, Vasthi and Nabhi are explained as Trimarma and its Abhigatajanya Rogas are detailed with the treatment principles (Chikitsa Sutra). Rather than the anatomical importance, the functional considerations of marma as seat of life force (Prana) are given due importance in Atreya Sampradaya or Kayachikitsa Sampradaya.